Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

The aim of present study was to evaluate the changes of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol levels following the Wingate anaerobic test among female athletes and non-athletes.

Twenty four female consist of twelve female athletes (mean age: 45 years of old) and twelve sedentary female (mean age: 44 years of old) voluntary to participate in this study as the subject. All the subjects performed the 30-second Wingate test as the anaerobic exercise. Blood samples collected at rest, end of the Wingate test, and 24 h after intervention for IGF-1 and cortisol determination. Repeated measure ANOVA test was used to evaluate hormonal responses to the anaerobic test.

The results indicated that cortisol levels decreases after the Wingate test in the female athletes compare to the non-athletes (p <0.05). Our results revealed that cortisol levels were lower in the female athletes than the non-athletes (p <0.05). For IGF-1 no significant changes were observed in the female athletes or non-athletes in response to Wingate test.

Our results suggested that regular exercise caused hormonal adaptation among female athletes in response to acute anaerobic training.

Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The aim of study was to determine the effect of endurance, resistance and combined trainings on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients.

Subjects selected between diabetic clinic patients of Valliasr hospital of Fasa and members of Fasa diabetic association. 40 patients with necessary conditions (medical history) are selected by physician and randomly divided to equal 4 groups: endurance, resistance, combined and control. Patients both received own medications (consuming pills & diet) and did trainings program in 8 weeks (3 sections per week) under trainer consideration. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention.

The results indicated that insulin concentration and HbA1c decreases and HDL increases after resistance training (p <0.05). Combined trainings reduced insulin and TC concentration and increased HDL level in compare to the control group (p <0.05). Any changes in lipid profile and glycemic control were observed after the endurance training.

Our findings suggested that resistance and combined training improve insulin concentration and lipid profiles rather than endurance training in type 2 diabetic patients.

The normal amount of the hormones ghrelin and insulin play an important role in energy balance, regulation of weight, and prevention of type 2diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic activity on hormones ghrelin and insulin and weight in men.

In this semi-experimental study, 80 young men with an average age of 24.25±1.73 years, weight 74.23 were divided into four groups, Exercise – supplementation (ES), exercise (E), supplementation (S) and control groups (C). The subjects of the ES and E groups participated in an aerobic exercise program with an intensity of 65-75% of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) for 3 sessions per week and for 8 weeks. Subjects in the ES and S group was given 21 omega-3 capsules (one gram each capsule) each week to take 3 times a day after each main meal for 8 weeks. At baseline and at the end of 8 weeks, the levels of the hormones ghrelin and insulin were measured by blood samples by ELISA method and also weight was measure.

The results of the analysis of variance test showed that after 8 weeks, the total amount of ghrelin and insulin respectively, in the ES groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001), E (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) and S (p = 0.045, p = 0.016) increased and decreased significantly. There was no change in the levels of ghrelin and insulin in the control group (p = 0.621). Also weight in the ES group (p =0.005), E (p = 032) and S (p = 0.034) decreased significantly. No change was observed in C group.

Based on the results, it was found that physical exercise alone and physical exercise along with omega-3 supplementation cause significant changes in the levels of ghrelin and insulin hormones and weight in young men. These changes may help control and prevent diabetes and its complications.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women.

Twenty-two sedentary women aged between 25 and 40 years old participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into the Pilates group (n=11) or the control group (n=11). The subjects in the Pilates group performed 60 minutes of Pilates exercise 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Body composition parameters, resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cortisol levels and perceived stress were measured before and after the intervention.

The results showed that body fat percentage, cortisol levels, and perceived stress score were reduced after Pilates exercise (p <0.05); however for resting HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) no significant changes were observed.

In summary, the results suggest that the Pilates exercise utilized in this study is a useful strategy for stress management in sedentary women.

Sleep is generally considered to be a restorative process, having beneficial effects on physiological functions. Evidence suggests athletes worry about the effects of inadequate sleep on performance. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of intensive exercise after one night's sleep deprivation on muscle damage indexes in the male runners.

Twenty four collegiate male runners in Tehran volunteered to participate in this study as the subject. All the subjects, 72h days before sleep deprivation and after about 8 hours of complete sleep were performed intensive exercise. Three days later, after a 30 hours' sleep deprivation, intensive exercise were performed again. Blood samples were taken before the complete sleep or sleep deprivation and before and after the intensive exercise to measure serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Aspartate transaminase (AST).

The results indicated that serum CK, LDH and AST were higher in response to intensive exercise after the sleep deprivation in compare to the intensive exercise after the complete sleep.

In summary, our results suggest that the sleep deprivation may lead to high levels of muscle damage enzymes and is may be impairs athletic performances.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a curriculum known as Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK) on oxidative stress in children with intellectual disability.

Twenty boy students with mild (educable) intellectual disability aged 7 to 9 years were selected and randomly divided into experimental (N=10) and control groups (N=10). The experimental group performed a selected SPARK program for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, 45 minutes each) while the control group was exempted to participate in the program. Oxidative stress determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured before and after the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the data (α = 0.05).

Analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between two groups in the measured variable in pretest. However, in posttest, the experimental group had significantly lower MDA level as compared to the control group.

According to the results, it can be argued that the selected SPARK program decreases MDA level in children with mild intellectual disability.